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Answers to the Could You Graduate From High School? Quiz

Wed, 27 May 2009 14:42:00 -0700

Firelink created the quiz Could You Graduate From High School to help you find out if you've got a handle on your high school facts. We listened to our users' feedback and are providing the answers so you can learn from the quiz. Remember, this quiz is tailored to an American high school curriculum.

h4. Don't cheat! If you haven't taken the quiz Could You Graduate From High School?, go take it first.

See answers on the next page...

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1) If you see an apparition, you’ve seen a:

Ghost - Correct answer!

Discussion

Kind of house

2) You got chastised because you:

Did something right

Did something strange

Did something wrong - Correct answer!

3) Something that is indubitable is:

Certain - Correct answer!

Magical

Unreachable

4) Pathos encourages:

Contempt

Sadness

Pity - Correct answer!

5) A rational equation can be solved by:

Cross-multiplying - Correct answer!

Factoring

Dividing by zero

6) Which is not a polynomial?

x² − 4x + 7

2x − 4x/x + 7 - Correct answer!

x² − 4 + 7x²

7) Standard deviation is:

A statistically derived specified distance from the mean - Correct answer!

The spread of the numbers in relation to the mean

The statistically derived center of a bell curve

8) Force changes an object’s:

Magnitude

Direction

Velocity - Correct answer!

9) What happens to light in a gravitational field?

It bends - Correct answer!

It speeds up

Nothing

10) The atomic number is:

The number of neutrons in an atom

The number of protons in an atom - Correct answer!

The number of electrons in an atom

11) Which is not a form of government?

Monarchy

Military junta

Macropartisanship - Correct answer!

12) Which is a famous Supreme Court case?

Miranda vs. Colorado

Marbury vs. Madison - Correct answer!

Monticello vs. Columbia

13) The US federal government gets most of its money from:

Personal income tax - Correct answer!

Corporate income tax

Sales taxes

14) What does your bank do with money you deposit?

Loan it out to other customers - Correct answer!

Keep it in the vault

Invest it in the stock market

15) The Federal Reserve cannot:

Sell government securities

Set the interest rate

Raise and lower taxes - Correct answer!

Thanks for taking Firelink's Could You Graduate High School? quiz and we hope you learned something!

Test Day Jitters? Try These Tips

Courtesy of FastWeb, a Monster.com property — Wed, 07 Jan 2009 15:23:00 -0800

Q: “I get so nervous before a test. What can I do?”

A: “The first time I took my EMT test, I was so nervous, I couldn’t even remember what year it was,” says Lindy Robinson, who graduated in 2005 from the Detroit Country Day School in Michigan. “I’m not kidding! My hands began to shake right before time was called, and it was harder for me to write.”

Test jitters affect almost every student at some point. Here’s what some students do to overcome those butterflies.

Learn the test

“Start early. And take as many practice tests as you can,” advises Kelsey Daily, a 2005 grad of Columbus East High in Columbus, Indiana.

“Knowing the format for the test makes the experience much less nerve-wracking because you are comfortable with the setup of the test,” acknowledges Robinson.

Relax before the test

“One thing I learned early is that you have to calm down and relax before a big test or else you will make stupid mistakes. If I just relax, I can focus, and I find that is when I do my best,” says Larry Choate III, a recent grad from Auburn Riverside High in Washington.

Kaleigh Duffy from Deering High in Portland, Maine, adds, “The night before I take the test, I just stay in, relax, watch a movie, and try not to think about why I am getting up at 7 a.m. on a perfectly good Saturday morning. Find something to keep yourself entertained that is completely unrelated to the upcoming test.”

h4. *More Tips->*

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Stay focused during the test

“During a test, my mind definitely wanders off. It happens all the time,” reports Charlene Choy, who graduated in 2005 from Radford High in Honolulu. “To force myself back into reality, I literally pinch myself, and afterwards I take a few deep breaths.”

“I don’t like long tests. If I get really caught up, then I pause for 10 to 20 seconds, close my eyes for a second and try to calm down,” adds Daily.

“I make sure to answer the questions that I am 100 percent positive of first and skip over those I’m not sure of, so as to not dwell on the idea that I’m a complete failure,” advises Duffy. “Once you realize that you’re capable of more than you thought, this will give you the morale boost to keep your confidence going.”

Turn to music

Choate listens to soft music while he studies. “This helps me remember things that I might not have remembered because my favorite music helps me relax.”

Choy substantiates this claim: “Music usually does the job to calm me. I listen to music and play the piano before the test day or the morning of the test.”

Jennifer Nyguen, from Lynbrook High in San Jose, California, relaxes before a test by playing the piano. “I suggest bringing your CD player or iPod with you before taking the test, and listen to music that calms you while waiting in line to be checked in,” assents Robinson.

Bring a talisman

“Bring something that comforts you, such as a small stuffed animal, your favorite picture or your boyfriend/girlfriend’s sweatshirt,” says Robinson. “It reminds you that there are things more important than a test, and that this one test will not, in fact, determine your future.”

Certificate in Fire Inspector II

Thu, 02 Oct 2008 14:49:00 -0700

The Fire Inspector II certificate plan is an excellent start on your career path in fire and rescue. It combines fire chemistry classes, fire cause and determination courses, public administration tactics and overall management techniques to prepare the student for a lifelong career in public service. The certificate is designed to cover all of the necessary tools you will need as a Fire Inspector.

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Students who complete a Certificate Program in Fire Inspector II will become eligible to take the competency test for Fire Inspector II which is administered by the State Fire Marshal's Bureau of Fire Standards and Training. Certificates also generally count as credits toward earning an associate's degree in Fire Science.

*Career Options*:

• Fire Inspector

• Fire Marshal

• Fire Service Administration

Median Hourly Rate by Years Experience - Degree: Fire Inspector (United States)

Compare your salary: Get a free Salary Report

Back to Firelink's Degree Center

Bachelor of Science in Fire Protection Engineering

Thu, 02 Oct 2008 12:07:00 -0700

Fire protection engineering is a unique profession that uses science and technology to protect people, property and businesses from destructive fires. This degree primarily focuses on the analysis of how fires affect people, buildings and property, and students can expect to learn technology related to design systems that control fires, alert people to dangers and provide means for escape. Fire protection engineers also work with architects, fire inspectors, engineers and public service professionals to better the community's protection against fires, and make recommendations for cost effective fire protection solutions.

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Students in the Fire Protection Engineering field can expect to evaluate buildings to pinpoint risks, investigate and learn how fire spreads, why protective measures failed, and how to design them more effectively.

Throughout the world, fire is a significant problem. An applicant with a bachelor's degree in Fire Protection Engineering would be a strong candidate for any job related to fire and rescue, but especially jobs that protect the public with preventative measures.

*Career Options*:

• Fire Departments

• Consulting Engineering Firms

• Fire Equipment and Systems Manufacturers

• Government

• Research & Testing Laboratories

Median Salary by Years Experience - Degree: Fire Protection Technology (United States)

Compare your salary: Get a free Salary Report

Back to Firelink's Degree Center

Master of Science in Emergency Management

Thu, 02 Oct 2008 11:41:00 -0700

In times of natural or manmade disaster, societies rely heavily on those with sufficient training and certification in rescue and relief operations. Emergency management is becoming increasingly important in today's unpredictable world.

With the right experience and training, professionals can hold specialist positions like emergency program manager or director, emergency operations center chief, director of security, risk management expert, emergency preparedness instructor, hospital coordinator, or technical training supervisors.

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The curriculum covers leadership, emergency management and preparedness, homeland security and terrorism, and security management. Successful graduates are prepared for careers in a variety of protective and security professions. Recent major disasters around the world have brought to light the importance of professionals with advanced leadership skills to oversee the organizations that respond to complex emergencies, such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks. This specialization is designed to deepen your knowledge of how to handle sensitive and unpredictable situations, navigate the many public safety agencies, and deal with varied human reactions. The emergency management specialization is designed for professionals in law enforcement, fire service, or other security fields who want to expertly manage critical incidents.

*Career Options*:

• Assistant Chief

• Deputy Chief

• Fire Chief

• Homeland Security

Median Salary by Employer Type - Degree: Emergency Management (United States)

Compare your salary: Get a free Salary Report

Back to Firelink's Degree Center

Associate of Applied Science: Emergency Medical Services

Thu, 02 Oct 2008 11:23:00 -0700

Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) exist all over the world as health care providers trained to provide pre-hospital treatment in emergencies. The procedures that EMTs may perform differ by country and state and their regulations are set by the local government in their area. EMTs respond to medical emergencies, hazardous materials exposure, childbirth, child abuse, fires, rescues, trauma and psychiatric crises.

EMTs in the U.S. are certified according to their level of training. Individual states set their own standards of certification (or issue licenses), but all EMT training must meet the minimum requirements set by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administraion.

The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) is a private organization which provides certification exams written based on NHTSA education guidelines. Currently, NREMT exams are used by 46 states as the sole basis for certification at one or more EMT certification levels.

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The NHTSA recognizes four levels of EMTs:

• EMT-B (Basic)

• EMT-I/85 (Intermediate)

• EMT-I/99 (Intermediate)

• EMT-P (Paramedic)

Some states also recognize the Advanced Practice or Critical Care Paramedic level as a state-specific licensure above that of the paramedic. In addition, paramedics can seek out specialty certifications such as Wilderness Paramedic, or Flight Paramedic.

All EMT positions normally require a high school diploma or GED, but to really prepare for a career in emergency medical services, you should consider an AAS in Emergency Medical Services.

*Career Options*:

• EMT/Paramedic

• Firefighter

Median Hourly Rate by State or Province - Degree: Emergency Medical Science (United States)

Compare your salary: Get a free Salary Report

*For more information, please refer to the following article*:

• *5 Things You Need to Know When Becoming an EMT*

Back to Firelink's Degree Center

Bachelor of Science in Public Administration

Thu, 02 Oct 2008 10:25:00 -0700

A public administration degree can prepare you for many different upper-level careers in public service, including firefighting careers like Assistant Chief, Deputy Chief, and finally, Chief. The curriculum includes leadership and management skills, strategic planning for single departments but also for major disaster response, communication skills, media relations to name a few. One can expect to come away from a program in public administration with a clear understanding of how to react, manage and direct in emergency situations, making it a perfect companion to the fire and rescue field. Any rescue personnel with a public administrative degree can expect to be in high demand.

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A public administration degree provides an academic background for individuals pursuing a career in both government and non-governmental/non-profit organizations. There are several areas of overlap between these pursuits, so an education which combines both will give you competitive strength and allow you to move into either area, according to your own career interests. For example, you may start your career in fundraising or getting grants for your city's fire department, and later become a member of a governmental grant-awarding body. A public administration degree or public policy degree gives you great flexibility in changing career titles.

Like a regular degree in management, a public administration or public policy degree can focus on organizational governance, finance, and administration. With this specialization you can look into jobs in local, state, or federal government; in public service sectors such as fire and rescue or healthcare; or non-profit organizations such as arts or international relief agencies.

*Career Options*:

• Assistant Chief

• Deputy Chief

• Fire Administration

• Fire Chief

Median Salary by Employer Type - Degree: Public Administration (United States)

Compare your salary: Get a free Salary Report

*For more information, please refer to the following articles*:

• *Firefighter's Five Step Guide to a Promotion*

• *Homeland Security: Top 10 In-Demand Occupations*

• *Use Keywords to Land a Department of Defense Job*

Back to Firelink's Degree Center

The 411 on Fire Science Degrees

Allison Tinney, Kayla Baxter | FireLink.com — Tue, 24 Jun 2008 16:58:00 -0700

The fire science degree is an enigma to some, mainly due to the fact that firefighters for many years were not expected to have higher education. But as demand for positions increase, so does the quality of candidates. Firefighters are no longer competing amongst high school graduates, but candidates with associate and bachelor degrees as well.

FireLink has recently partnered with schools that offer top fire science degree programs to get you the education you need to get ahead. Click the individual topics below, or simply follow the numbered tabs at the bottom of the page to get started.

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• Q&A

• Qualifications

• Online v. Traditional

• Typical Coursework

• Salary Benefits & Promotion

• Get Started

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Why Do I Need a Fire Science Degree?

With the increasing competition for firefighting positions, many recruits are turning to formal education to better their chances of getting hired. A fire science degree offers an appealing one-shot deal: Firefighter I Academy + experience + advanced degree.

Candidates holding a high school diploma find it hard to compete against someone with such credentials.

What Will I Learn?

Fire science students receive all the basics of fire suppression plus an in-depth understanding of industry science, administration, fire detection systems, hazardous materials, fire behavior, crisis management and incident salvage.

Some fire science programs also instruct students in ecosystems including landscape-specific fire effects and rehabilitation.

In addition to industry-specific information, fire science students are often required to take public speaking, technical writing, and administration courses, preparing them for a career as a public figure.

All of these courses combine to create a well-rounded firefighter. A fire science degree prepares a candidate to go above and beyond basic firefighting, making the educational experience an integral part of career advancement.

Associate v. Bachelor

If you find a program that offers you the choice between an Associate or Bachelor fire science degree, you may wonder what the best option for you might be.

An associate degree can be thought of as a shortened education, or as an addition to an undergraduate bachelor's degree. An associate degree is usually a two-year track, that tends to be suited for firefighters already working or volunteering. It is also a great way for someone who is transitioning careers to prepare themselves for the hiring process. Think of this not as a condensed form of a bachelor's degree, but rather a stripped down, specified focus.

Bachelor's degrees are a great track for students just leaving high school, or individuals willing to dedicate at least four years worth of time to schooling. The Bachelor of fire science is often a full-introduction to firefighting including Firefighter I Academy.

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Qualifications to Start

Some schools offer associate degrees only to those who are already employed in some fashion as a certified EMT or Firefighter. This is done on a school by school basis and you will need to check in with the registrar to determine your eligibility.

Other schools offer two versions of the degree, one for experienced firefighters, and one for new students. Your EMT license, and Firefighter I & II certifications will allow you to test out of some required coursework. New students are sometimes required to complete their Firefighter I Academy as the first course towards their degree.

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Online v. Traditional

With new technology allowing easy access to information, many firefighters are considering taking fire science courses online. But along with an increase of online options comes the natural question of quality.

Are Online Degrees as Valued as Traditional Ones?

As far as fire science goes, yes. As long as you are taking courses within an accredited program, there is no question at all of validity. Keep in mind of course that you will still be required to go through an academy and prove physical aptitude. Online fire science programs are not a substitute for firefighter training.

Hiring and promotion committees are more likely to commend you for your after-hours dedication to furthering your education.

Why Online?

Because of the small number of fire science programs, interested firefighters often have a hard time finding courses that are not only within their area, but fit their schedules as well.

I had an interesting discussion about online degrees with Paul Lepore early this year. He recently completed a fire science degree online, and had a take on the matter that I hadn't considered before. The typical firefighter Paul said, is dedicated, strong-willed, and self-motivated. Because there is no professor breathing down your neck to accomplish assignments, these are all character traits that are almost unspoken requirements for online course work.

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Another point Paul made is that firefighters and those applying to the service often work multiple jobs, leaving little time for attending structured class. With a schedule that often clashes with the rest of the world, online courses offer the freedom of doing coursework at whatever time is convenient for you.

Combine the need for independence plus a natural motivation, and it becomes clear why online fire science degrees make so much sense.

You can read more about the importance of education in Paul Lepore's book, The Aspiring Firefighter's Two Year Plan.

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Typical Coursework

Associate Fire Science Programs

Fire Science Technology Associate in Applied Science (AAS) Degree

(a typical student preparing for a fire rescue career)

Required Major Courses

• Firefighter I Academy

• Introduction to Fire Science and Suppression

• Firefighter Occupational Health and Safety

• Fire Protection Systems

• Building Plans and Construction

• Fire Inspection Practices (Fire Inspector I)

• Hazardous Materials Awareness Operations

• Job Placement and Assessment

• Driver Operator or Wildland Firefighting

• Instructional Methodology

• Firefighting Strategy and Tactics

• Fire Codes and Ordinances

• Fire Cause Determination

• Fire Company Supervision and Leadership

General Education Requirements

• English

• Mathematics

• Arts and Humanities

• Science

• Social Science

Fire Service Management Associate in Applied Science (AAS) Degree

(firefighters preparing for career advancement)

Required Major Courses

• Instructional Methdology

• Firefighting Strategy and Tactics I

• Fire Codes and Ordinances

• Fire Cause Determination

• Fire Company Supervision and Leadership

• Strategy and Tactics II

• Fire Service and the Law

• Fire Ground Organization and Command (ICS)

• Fire Service Management (Fire officer II)

• Fire Department Administration

• Fire Analysis Thesis

General Education Requirements

• English

• Mathematics

• Arts and Humanities

• Science

• Social Science

Bachelor Fire Science Programs

Required Major Courses

• Introduction to Fire Protection

• Introduction to Fire Prevention

• Fire Prevention Organization and Management

• Advanced Fire Administration

• Interactions of Hazardous Materials

• The Community and the Fire Threat

• Management of Fire Incident Commands

• Legal Aspects of Fire Protection

• Incendiary Fire Analysis and Investigation

• Terrorism Incident Management & Emergency Procedures

Specialization Electives (Your Choice of Two)

• Leadership

• Fire Department Safety Officer

• Fire Protection Systems

• Building Construction For Fire Protection

• Principles of Fire Behavior

• Fire Protection Hydraulics and Water Supply

• Fire Prevention and Code Enforcement

• Hazardous Materials Management

• Industrial Fire Protection

Extracurricular Courses (Mandatory)

• English Composition (2 courses)

• Humanities and Fine Arts (2 courses)

• Natural Sciences (2 courses)

• Mathematics (1 course)

• History (2 courses)

• Behavioral and Social Sciences (3 courses)

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Salary Benefits & Promotion

Usually, fire fighters are first promoted to engineer, then lieutenant, captain, battalion chief, assistant chief, deputy chief, and, finally, chief. For promotion to positions higher than battalion chief, many fire departments now require a bachelor’s degree, preferably in fire science, public administration, or a related field. An associate degree is required for executive fire officer certification from the National Fire Academy.

Most experienced fire fighters continue studying to improve their job performance and prepare for promotion examinations. To progress to higher level positions, they acquire expertise in advanced fire fighting equipment and techniques, building construction, emergency medical technology, writing, public speaking, management and budgeting procedures, and public relations.

Median Salary by Employer Type - Degree: Fire Science Degree (United States)

Compare your salary: Get a free Salary Report

*For more information, please refer to the following articles*:

• *Firefighter's Five Step Guide to a Promotion*

• *Homeland Security: Top 10 In-Demand Occupations*

• *Use Keywords to Land a Department of Defense Job*

_Information adapted from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Payscale.com_

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Get Started

FireLink partners with schools that offer top fire science degree programs to get you the education you need to get ahead. Apply now by clicking the link below. If you qualify, you will be shown fire science schools to connect you with more information.

Sign Up Here for More Information

If you want to attend an academy in your area, check in with your local community college. If you are not already on a department, you can also stop by one near you and ask firefighters themselves if they know of a good program. Good hours to visit departments are late afternoon and don't forget to bring a treat - cookies, ice cream, or pie are good bets. This is also a great way to probe a little into what the departments in your area look for in a candidate, and ultimately help you prepare for the hiring process.

Don't let an educational technicality put you at the bottom of your hiring or promotion class.

Insider's Look at Smokejumping

Bruce L. Nelson w/introduction by FireLink.com — Wed, 11 Jun 2008 11:01:00 -0700

Smokejumpers are highly trained wildfire firefighters deployed to remote locations. They are parachuted in to to secure fires otherwise unreachable by local forces. By making use of high-altitude aircraft, smokejumpers are able to reach fires faster, cheaper, and better equipped than any road-bound vehicle.

Because smokejumping forces are limited to small teams, most of us don't get a chance to see what these special forces battle.

"Buck" Nelson, a 20-year smokejumping veteran, gives us an insider look into the smokejumping world...

Continue Article

Quiz: "Could You Be a Smokejumper?"

All information reproduced with the express permission of Bruce L. Nelson. For more information, visit his website here: BuckTrack.com

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Because smokejumping forces are limited to small teams, most of us don't get a chance to see what these special forces battle. "Buck" Nelson, a 20-year smokejumping veteran, gives us an insider look into the smokejumping world...

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Flying In

Although most fires can be reached by road or helicopter, smokejumpers flying in faster airplanes (this
photo shows a picture of a DC-3 circling a fire on a fire run in the Bob Marshall Wilderness of Montana) and using specially designed parachutes can reach fires that are difficult to reach by any other method.

Continue Article

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The Jump...

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This was taken in a DC-3 over a fire in the rugged Cascade Mountains of southern Oregon. The jumper in the door is about ready to follow his jump partner who has just exited.

The "spotter," on the left, is making sure the jumper's static line stays clear.

The static line automatically deploys the main parachute of the Forest Service system. The yellow static line of the first jumper can be seen in the upper, left-hand corner of the door.

On this fire both Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management firefighters safely jumped out of the same aircraft, business as usual nowadays.

Continue Article

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"Gobbler"

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This photo taken from a Twin Otter aircraft shows a fire in Nevada, during the 2002 fire season. Smokejumpers often call this type of fire a "gobbler," for the way it gobbles up everything in it's path, including unwary firefighters.

We picked a safe place to land, which was fortunate, because we were soon "burned over." To be burned over means to be over-run by the fire. Because we knew this might happen, we selected a "safety zone" long before it was necessary.

When the fire blew up, we withdrew to a previously burned area and watched the towering flames and smoke and listened to the roar of the fire.

Continue Article

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Jump Gear

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Smokejumpers wear a padded jump jacket and pants, made of Kevlar, the same material used for bullet-proof vests. A motorcycle style helmet is worn, featuring a heavy, wire-mesh face mask. (At left is a picture taken by Steve Baker right after I landed on a practice jump.)

A small gear bag is carried by each smokejumper, in which are carried water, gloves, hardhat, fire shelter, and other personal belongings needed for a shift on the fireline.

Heavier equipment is dropped separately. A "let-down" rope is carried in the right leg pocket in case it is necessary to rappel down out of a tall tree.

Continue Article

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Hang Ups...

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Here is a smokejumper doing a let-down on a fire jump in the Bitterroot Mountains of Montana.

Smokejumpers find it is always a great deal more humorous to be the one standing on the ground hollering advice than to be the one hanging 100' up in a giant Ponderosa!

Continue Article

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Practice Jump

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There are two systems used, the round parachute by the Forest Service, and the square or "ram-air" parachute used by the BLM.

This photo shows a practice jump with a ram-air parachute in the desert near Grand Junction, Colorado. (Photo by Dr. Steve Baker) Jumps are normally from 1,500 to 3,000 feet above ground level, in the safest spot that is nearby (not in) the fire.

On most fires, two to eight smokejumpers are dropped, but additional smokejumpers or further reinforcements will be called in if necessary.

Continue Article

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Tools of the Trade

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Usually smokejumpers reach fires while they are still small, using hand tools such as the shovel and pulaski. The pulaski is a single-bladed axe with a grub-hoe on the opposite side, and is, undoubtedly, the greatest fire handtool ever invented.

The closest smokejumper in picture 7 is swinging a pulaski. Since he's cutting into the ground, he's using the grub-hoe side of the tool. If he were cutting branches, small trees, or even a large root in the ground, he'd flip the tool around and cut with the axe blade.

Chainsaws are used (outside of wilderness areas) when needed. Trees, brush, and flammable debris are cleared along the edge of the fire to rob it of fuel and to stop the fire's spread.

The photo (taken with a flash) is of smokejumpers cutting hotline at night on a fire in Idaho.

Continue Article

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"Tony Tools"

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Sometimes back-pack pumps are used, or power pumps are dropped if there is a handy water source. Fires in Alaska call for somewhat different tactics.

The perimeter is usually secured by beating with burlap sacks, or a 6' spruce tree limbed up to a "broom" shape, or with specially designed beating tools called "tony tools."

Here are smokejumpers at nightfall beating on a spring fire on Kodiak Island with tony tools and burlap sacks. Water is used when available, and chainsaws are often used to cut a fireline through the spruce trees.

Continue Article

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Tactics and Fight Time

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On any fire, a backfire, such as the one shown, is used if necessary. This is an especially common tactic in the big fast-moving fires of the "Great Basin" such as this one in Nevada. Often helicopters or fixed-wing aircraft (aka "air tankers") are called in to aid the ground troops.

Most smokejumper fires are out or turned over to other firefighters within 3 days, but smokejumpers have been known to spend over a month on fires. They are re-supplied by parachute, helicopter, or even by road if possible.

Continue Article

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"Pack-Out

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Smokejumpers may leave a fire by helicopter, on a four-wheel drive fire engine, or, if necessary, by packing up all their equipment and doing a "pack-out."

Packs average slightly over 100 pounds, but may weigh 120 pounds or more. Here smokejumpers drop out of the timber on a packout from a fire in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest of NE Oregon.

Unusually steep or non-existent trails have made many smokejumpers consider a career change.

Continue Article

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Commonly Asked Questions...

I have spent my smokejumper years at the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) base in Fairbanks, Alaska. There is one other BLM smokejumper base in Boise, Idaho. The rest of the bases are Forest Service bases, and they are located in Winthrop, Washington; Redding, California; Redmond, Oregon; McCall, Idaho; Grangeville, Idaho, Missoula, Montana; and West Yellowstone, Montana. During fire season, fire dispatch will send these jumpers to whatever region they are most needed. Every fire season temporary smokejumper bases are set up in such places as Silver City, New Mexico; Grand Junction, Colorado; and LaGrande, Oregon.

There are about 400 smokejumpers nationwide. There are also smokejumpers in Russia, and, off and on, in Canada.

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Smokejumper training is intensive and consists of lots of physical fitness (PT) training as well as training in parachuting. The washout rate is often high, mostly due to injuries or failure to keep up in PT. There is a lot of competition to get into smokejumper training. Experience in fighting wildfires is a must, usually two or more years, and previous service on one of the elite "hotshot crews" increases a candidates chances of being selected.

Answers to commonly asked questions:

Isn't it dangerous landing in a fire?

We land close to, not in, the fire. (at least that's the plan, it's not uncommon to land in smoldering areas.)

What happens if your parachute doesn't open?

We use our reserve parachutes. Since 1940, only four smokejumpers have died during a parachute jump, a remarkable safety record.

What do you eat?

It depends on the jump base, but common foods include power bars, canned fruit, beef jerky, nuts, MREs (military Meals Ready to Eat), candy bars, small cans of tuna or chicken or ham, freeze-dried meals, ramen, energy drink mixes, canned chili, condensed soup, etc. Often the smokejumpers get to choose what goes into the boxes, so as tastes change, so do the box contents.

Want more info?

Check out a few smokejumping videos...

Video: Firefighter Heli Rappelling
in the Tahoe National Forest

Video: Helitack Fitness Test

Take a Quiz: "Could You Be a Smokejumper?"

Three Easy Steps to Finding a Fire Science Scholarship...PLUS Five Great Scholarships to Get You Started

Tue, 03 Jun 2008 17:00:00 -0700

Step 1. Find Schools You Want to Attend

Some schools that offer fire science degrees also offer funding for applicants. One of the best ways to search for scholarships is to narrow the list to include only those schools you’d most like to attend, then research their awards and financial aid options. Many scholarships from corporations and nonprofits also require detailed information about your academic plans, so it pays to decide where to apply before you ramp up your scholarship search.

Begin researching programs of study on Firelink now.

Step 2. Search for Scholarships

Many organizations offer scholarships specifically for first responders. Look into the following organizations, both in your area and nationally.

• Professional associations (IAFF, NFPA, etc.)

• Your county's fire rescue department

• Scholarship-focused nonprofits

• Large corporations (Pepsi, Xerox, etc.)

• Foundations (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, etc.)

• Unions

• Advocacy and political organizations

• Religious organizations

• Social/community clubs and organizations

• Service organizations (Rotary, Elks, etc.)

Scholarship criteria vary widely. Some scholarships are earmarked for students pursuing specific careers; others may be regional, designated for applicants from a particular state or county. Typically, organizations and schools may offer scholarships to fire science students who meet a set of criteria, which could include:

• Demonstrated commitment to community service or volunteer work

• Commitment to pursue a valued career, academic, or research interest

• Demonstrated athletic achievement and talent

• Economic need

• Underrepresented minority group

• Student is a gender minority in their field of interest

• Birthplace (for students from a particular city, state, or country)

• Student is the first to go to college in their family

• Contest / essay contest winner

• High academic achievement

• High standardized test scores

A good strategy is to determine the types of scholarships you may be eligible for and search specifically for those. It is also important to keep in mind that students looking into becoming firefighters and EMTs are often offered special scholarships specifically for their dedication to their community. If you come from a heritage of first responders, you may also qualify for further funding.

Which area(s) might you qualify under?

Here are some hand-picked fire rescue scholarships that will get you started on your search:

1. - George D. Miller Scholarship

Amount: $5,000

Provides a minimum of one scholarship awarded per year of at least $5,000 (USD). Monies will be awarded to one or more undergraduate or graduate students enrolled in a fire service or public administration program in either the United States or Canada. Applicants must be nominated by their college or university.
http://www.nfpa.org

2. - International Association of Fire Chiefs Foundation

Amount: $4,000

Promotes higher education and research in the fire sciences. Scholarships range from $250 to $4,000 for career, volunteer and military firefighters and Explorer Scouts.
http://www.iafcf.org

3. - City of Tampa Fire Scholarship Program

Amount: $7,800

Scholarship Recipients will receive a stipend of $300 per week for a 26-week period. Scholarship Recipients will attend the Minimum Standards class at Tampa Fire Academy and Learey Technical Center to receive training for State of Florida certification as a firefighter.
http://www.tampagov.net/dept_fire_rescue/

4. Association of Fire Districts of the State of New York “Ned Carter” Scholarship

Amount: $1,500

Three $1,500 scholarships will be awarded to seniors pursuing a career in a community service-related field (fire service, nursing, social work, healthcare, teaching, library services).
www.firedistnys.com

5. Yvorra Leadership Development Foundation

Amount: $1,500

The organization was founded in 1988 in honor of Deputy Fire Chief James G. Yvorra, who was killed in the line of duty. Awards may be used for special projects relating to leadership development or for tuition. Award winners announced each year in October.
www.yld.org

Click here to download a list of even more scholarships

Step 3. Apply for Lots of Scholarships – Don’t be Shy

Finding scholarship programs can be a time-consuming process. Unfortunately, many students spend hours looking for a scholarship but fail to put an equal amount of effort into completing their application. The application is by far the most important part of your scholarship search; give it the time it deserves.

One last bit of advice: Double-check the scholarship requirements before you apply. After all, you want to be sure you are eligible before you apply. Write, call or e-mail the scholarship sponsor to ensure you have full details of application procedures and know what will be expected of the successful applicant. You can never have too much information!

United States Fire Academy Directory

FireLink.com — Thu, 15 May 2008 15:05:00 -0700

Attending the academy is a rite of passage for firefighters all across the country. It is a meaningful accomplishment establishing personal pride, skilled ability, and validated bravery.

To help you get started, FireLink has pulled together resources from all across the country to provide you with a National Fire Academy Directory.

Be sure to also check out our complete guide to accredited fire schools here:
• National Fire Academy (NFA) Accredited Schools

Alabama (24)

Alaska (11)

Arizona (20)

Arkansas (14)

California (85)

Colorado (17)

Connecticut (10)

Delaware (1)

Florida (4)

Georgia (3)

Hawaii (3)

Idaho (4)

Illinois (6)

Indiana (1)

Iowa (1)

Kansas (9)

Kentucky (15)

Louisiana (2)

Maine (3)

Maryland (24)

Massachusetts (2)

Michigan (1)

Minnesota (1)

Mississippi (1)

Missouri (1)

Montana (2)

Nebraska (1)

Nevada (9)

New Hampshire (2)

New Jersey (46)

New Mexico (1)

New York (10)

North Carolina (7)

North Dakota (1)

Ohio (1)

Oklahoma (1)

Oregon (2)

Pennsylvania (2)

Rhode Island (2)

South Carolina (1)

South Dakota (1)

Tennessee (1)

Texas (3)

Utah (1)

Washington (1)

West Virginia (1)

Wisconsin (17)

Wyoming (3)

Complete Guide to Accredited Fire Schools

FireLink.com / USFA — Tue, 29 Apr 2008 14:37:00 -0700

In response to a large number of questions we receive about fire academies, we have adapted a list of schools accredited by the National Fire Academy (NFA). These schools are categorized by college-based training, associate's degrees, degrees at a distance program, bachelor's degrees, and graduate degrees.

The programs listed below will be supplemented in the near future by national accrediting associations recommended by FireLink.

Note from the NFA on Institutional Accreditation

College-Based Training Programs

• Missouri (1)

• Pennsylvania (2)

Associate's Degrees

• Alaska (3)

• Arkansas (1)

• California (7)

• Colorado (3)

• Connecticut (1)

• Delaware (1)

• Florida (5)

• Georgia (2)

• Illinois (1)

• Kansas (1)

• Kentucky (1)

• Louisiana (1)

• Maine (1)

• Maryland (2)

• Michigan (3)

• Missouri (1)

• Nebraska (1)

• New Jersey (4)

• New York (1)

• North Carolina (4)

• Ohio (3)

• Oklahoma (1)

• Oregon (4)

• Pennsylvania (4)

• Rhode Island (2)

• South Carolina (1)

• Tennessee (3)

• Texas (1)

• Utah (1)

• Vermont (1)

• Virginia (3)

• Washington (2)

• Wyoming (1)

• Canada (1)

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Bachelor's Degrees

• Arizona (2)

• Colorado (1)

• Connecticut (1)

• Florida (2)

• Illinois (2)

• Kentucky (1)

• Maryland (1)

• Massachusetts (1)

• Minnesota (1)

• New Jersey (1)

• North Carolina (1)

• Oklahoma (1)

• Oregon (1)

• Rhode Island (1)

• Texas (2)

• Utah (1)

• Virginia (2)

Graduate Degrees

• Arizona (2)

• Connecticut (1)

• Florida (1)

• Illinois (1)

• Kansas (1)

• Kentucky (1)

• Massachusetts (2)

• New Mexico (1)

• Oklahoma (2)

== Related Links

Firefighters with degrees earn more: Get a Fire Sciences Degree

Check out today's top fire & rescue discussions

Degrees at a Distance Program

• What is the Degrees at a Distance Program?

• How is DDP linked to the FESHE model associate’s courses?

• May I take a course even if I don't want to pursue a degree at this time?

• What if I have an associate’s degree?

• What courses comprise the DDP curriculum?

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The National Fire Academy (NFA) lists institutions that have regional accreditation from one of the six regional accrediting agencies recognized by the Council of Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) or the U.S. Department of Education (ED). This listing is not an endorsement of any one institution over another, and it is not an endorsement of any one accrediting association over another. It is merely a helpful reference service to the national firefighting community.

CHEA and ED also recognize other - sometimes called national - accrediting associations, which accredit educational institutions that offer fire science programs.

The NFA list, however, does not include these other institutions, because of possible conflicts with fire department policies and collective bargaining agreements in the area of higher education. Specifically, in the areas of tuition reimbursement for college courses, incentives for earning your degree and promotions to ranks requiring a degree, policy and contract language often state that only courses and degrees from regionally accredited institutions will be accepted.

While any institution that is accredited by an accrediting association that meets either CHEA or ED criteria for national recognition should be a quality degree program, there may be consequences for fire and emergency services personnel if their fire department requires degrees or credits only from a regionally accredited institution.

You are encouraged to check your department’s particular policies and contract language. We are aware that some students have experienced difficulty attempting to transfer course credits from non-regionally accredited schools to regionally accredited schools.

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Finally, you should also beware of the widespread existence of "degree or diploma mills," as they not only lack any of the aforementioned legitimate, recognized accreditation, they are also known to claim accreditation from a "fake" or unrecognized accrediting agency.

In summary, not all institutions that grant degrees are accredited by the legitimate ED or CHEA recognized accrediting organizations. Unless you are certain that the institution you are considering is accredited by a CHEA or ED recognized accrediting body, you should research the source of the institution’s accreditation carefully before enrolling.

Back to Index Page

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Accredited FESHE Schools: College-Based Training Programs

Missouri

• University of Missouri-Columbia Fire and Rescue Training Institute

Back to school index.

Pennsylvania

• Harrisburg Area Community College Public Safety Center

• Pennsylvania Institute of Applied Health Sciences

Back to Index Page

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Accredited FESHE Schools: Associate's Degrees

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Online Degree Programs

• Cowley College

Classroom

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Accredited FESHE Schools: Bachelor's Degrees

Arizona

• Arizona State University East Fire Programs

• Grand Canyon University

Colorado

• Colorado State University

Connecticut

• University of New Haven

Florida

• Florida Community College at Jacksonville

• University of Florida Fire and Emergency Services Distance Education

Illinois

• Lewis University

• Southern Illinois University - Carbondale

Kentucky

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• Eastern Kentucky University Fire and Safety Engineering Technology Program

Maryland

• University of Maryland Department of Fire Protection Engineering

Massachusetts

• Anna Maria College

Minnesota

• Minnesota State Colleges and Universities Fire/EMS/Safety Center

New Jersey

• Fairleigh Dickinson University

North Carolina

• University of North Carolina Charlotte

Oklahoma

• Oklahoma State University School of Fire Protection and Safety Technology

Oregon

• Eastern Oregon University

Rhode Island

• Providence College

Texas

• St. Edward's University

• Texas Wesleyan University

Utah

• Utah Valley State College

Virginia

• Hampton University

• Jefferson College of Health Sciences

Back to Index Page

[page]

Accredited FESHE Schools: Graduate Degrees

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Arizona

• Arizona State University East Fire Programs

• Grand Canyon University

Connecticut

• University of New Haven

Florida

• University of Florida Fire and Emergency Services Distance Education

Illinois

• University of Illinois at Chicago

Kansas

• Southwestern College

Kentucky

• Eastern Kentucky University Fire & Safety Engineering Technology Program

Massachusetts

• Anna Maria College

• Worcester Polytechnic Institute Fire Protection Engineering and Center for Fire Safety Studies

New Mexico

• Southwestern College

Oklahoma

• Oklahoma State University

• Southwestern College

Back to Index Page

[page]

Degrees at a Distance Program: Q&A

Complete the National FESHE Bachelor’s Model Curriculum and Earn Your Degree Online

Increasingly, chief and mid-level officers in fire departments around the country are required to hold a bachelor's degree. The Degrees at a Distance Program (DDP) is an online degree program sponsored by the National Fire Academy (NFA), which has agreements with seven accredited colleges and universities throughout the country to offer bachelor's degrees with concentrations in fire administration and fire prevention technology.

While independent study and distance learning have appealed to working adults nationally in growing numbers for the past few years, DDP is particularly attractive to fire service personnel whose fire departments' shift work normally makes classroom attendance difficult. DDP provides an alternative means for fire service personnel to earn a bachelor's degree or to pursue college-level learning in a fire-related course concentration without the requirement of having to attend on-campus classes.

In addition to offering the NFA-developed Fire and Emergency Services Higher Education (FESHE) Bachelor’s curriculum, the schools also have agreements with the fire science associate’s programs whose students transfer in having taken the preparatory lower-level FESHE courses. With all the instruction delivered completely over the Internet, access to courses is easy and learning is enjoyable. Students engage in online learning activities in which they collaborate with each other, engage in debate and discussion through postings, research related Web sites, and complete projects that are relevant to their own jobs and fire departments.

What is the Degrees at a Distance Program?

DDP is a way to take college courses online to earn a bachelor's degree with concentrations in fire administration or fire prevention technology. The curriculum comprises of 13 junior- and senior-level FESHE bachelor’s courses that form the concentrations.

DDP is offered through a national network of four-year colleges and universities that adopt the NFA-developed curriculum to form their own individual degree programs. Your regional college delivers the courses over the Internet employing state-of-the-art Web-based learning design principles developed in partnership with Empire State College - a national leader in distance learning - and its six sister DDP institutions.

How is DDP linked to the FESHE model associate’s courses?

NFA develops the courses and its DDP schools deliver them as part of their own degree programs thus enabling a truly unique national fire and emergency services-related bachelor’s curriculum. When the curriculum was revised and converted to their online format, a strategic review of the FESHE model associate’s curriculum was conducted. Specifically, national experts reviewed both levels to ensure that the lower-level model courses prepared students for their upper-level counter-parts to the extent practical.
Without being in a classroom environment, what kind of academic interaction can I expect?

Each DDP institution emphasizes faculty-to-student and student-to-student contact through a structured learning management system that places you in an interactive online classroom environment offering framed discussions, project collaboration, extensive Web-based reading and research and job-related course assignments. Your final grades are based on “classroom” participation, the quality of assignments and/or final exams, which may be proctored locally.

May I take a course even if I don't want to pursue a degree at this time?

Yes. Those students who simply wish to upgrade their professional skills may take individual courses for credit and decide later to apply for degree-seeking status. While it may not be required, it is strongly recommended that you have taken at least some college courses that have prepared you for the academic rigors of bachelor’s level learning.

Regardless, NFA FESHE certificates are awarded for the successful completion of every individual course and those who graduate from the program are awarded an NFA Certificate of Accomplishment in addition to their school’s diploma.

What if I have an associate’s degree?

This program is perfect for you, particularly if your school offers the FESHE associate’s courses. In fact, DDP is a transfer program meaning you must have an associate’s in fires science (in most cases) in order to enroll into the bachelor’s level DDP. Your regional college will give you guidelines and will map your bachelor's degree route.

It is strongly recommended that you consult your regional DDP school while you’re still earning your associate’s to determine what courses are needed to transfer into its bachelor’s program.
How is this program different from going on campus and taking a regular college course?

In this program you get full upper-level college credit, but the emphasis is on independent study and online learning with no classroom attendance required. When you register for a DDP course, you buy your texts from the school or recommended sellers. Your degree requirements, transcripts and diploma are largely identical to those of on-campus students. However, as with all institutions of higher learning, particularly with public ones, there may be different tuition rates for in- and out-of-state residents.

While each school has its own degree requirements, tuitions, and faculty, DDP is a national program with a standardized curriculum enabling every student to achieve the same course learning outcomes, regardless of location.

What this curriculum linkage represents is a milestone in fire and emergency services education: if your fire science associate’s degree comprises of these model courses, you can plan on being better prepared for your DDP bachelor’s course work. Since 1999, FESHE leaders have labored to produce through consensus, a standardized undergraduate curriculum that is national in scope, content, and outcomes. This represents a major paradigm shift from a fragmented system of education to one that is unified and integrated. The USFA/NFA-led FESHE model is believed to be the only one of its kind in the U. S.

What courses comprise the DDP curriculum?

The NFA has agreements with seven accredited colleges and universities throughout the country to offer bachelor's degrees with concentrations in fire administration and fire prevention technology.

Back to Index Page

Your Ultimate Guide to 9/11 Scholarships

FireLink.com/ September 11 Scholarship Alliance — Tue, 04 Mar 2008 10:25:00 -0800

If your family was involved in the tragedy of 9/11, you may qualify for scholarships from the September 11 Scholarship Alliance. This chart will help you figure out exactly what requirements you meet, as well as links to more information.

Programs listed in Table I require that the student submit one (1) application to be considered for
each fund listed. Each student should also have on file or submit a one-time registration form.
For more information or to print the forms, click on application or registration.

The Criteria Checklist

	Children	Spouse/ domestic partner	4-yr Colleges	2-yr Colleges	Vo-tech Schools	Financial Need	Under- graduate	Graduate	U.S. College Location	Any Country	Contact Information
American Heroes Fund	X		X	X	X	X	X			X	877-862-0136 E-mail
Big Ten 9-11 Scholarship Fund	X	X	X				X	X	Big Ten Schools		877-862-0136 E-mail
Biogen Legacy Fund	X		X	X	X	X	X			X	877-862-0136 E-mail
Citigroup Relief Fund	X		X	X		X	X			X	877-862-0136 E-mail
DaimlerChrysler Help the Children Fund	X		X	X	X	X	X			X	877-862-0136 E-mail
DuPont Scholarship Fund	X		X	X	X	X	X			X	877-862-0136 E-mail
Families of Freedom Scholarship Fund	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X	877-862-0136 E-mail
Heroes of Freedom Fund	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Canada	877-862-0136 E-mail
Hyogo Prefecture Friendship Fund	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X	877-862-0136 E-mail
Japan Relief Fund	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X	877-862-0136 E-mail
MBS Mega Scholarship Fund - Freddie Mac	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X	877-862-0136 E-mail
MLB-MLBPA Freedom Scholarship Fund	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		877-862-0136 E-mail
NADCF Survivors Relief Fund	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		877-862-0136 E-mail
NCAA 9-11 Scholarships	X		NCAA Members				X		X		877-862-0136 E-mail
Nokia Education Fund	X		X	X	X	X	X	X		X	877-862-0136 E-mail
NY KIN Scholarship Fund	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	917-286-1550 E-mail
PeopleSoft Scholarship Fund	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X	877-862-0136 E-mail
PGA Tour 9-11 Scholarship Fund	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X	877-862-0136 E-mail
The Power of America Fund	X		X	X			X		X		877-862-0136 E-mail
Scottish Rite National Disaster Relief Scholarship Fund	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		877-862-0136 E-mail

Programs listed in Table II require that the student submit a separate and unique application for each fund. Each student should also have on file or submit a one-time registration form. For more information, see Contact information.

Other Alliance Funds

	Children	Spouse/ domestic partner	4-yr Colleges	2-yr Colleges	Vo-tech Schools	Financial Need	Under- graduate	Graduate	U.S. College Location	Any Country	Contact Information
Jack Kent Cookie Foundation Bridge to Tomorrow	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X	800-498-6478 Website
United Negro College Fund Member Colleges Liberty Scholarship	X		X				X		X		703-205-3538 UNCF Website
Pace UniversityPace Remembers Scholarship	X	X	Pace			X	X	X	X		914-773-4283 Pace Website
US Freightways Corporation 911 Armed Forces Scholarship	X		X	X			X			X	212-984-5593 www.IEE.org USS Freightways

Check out more scholarships in the FireLink Scholarship Finder

All information provided by the September 11 Scholarship Alliance

Firefighter's Guide to Education and Training

Wed, 23 Jan 2008 17:54:00 -0800

Wondering what kind of education you need to complete as a department applicant? Here are some things to keep in mind as you start your career in fire & rescue or scout interest in a promotion.

Education and Training

Applicants for firefighting jobs are usually required to have at least a high school diploma, but candidates with some education after high school are increasingly preferred. Most municipal jobs require passing written and physical tests.

Most firefighters have a high school diploma, however, the completion of community college courses, or in some cases, an associate degree, in fire science may improve an applicant’s chances for a job. Due the economy, budgets are being cut in the public sector, making your competition that much greater.A number of colleges and universities offer courses leading to 2- or 4-year degrees in fire engineering or fire science.
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In recent years, an increasing proportion of new firefighters have had some education after high school. All firefighters receive extensive training after being hired.

Read FireLink's 15 Toughest Interview Questions (and Answers)

As a rule, entry-level workers in large fire departments are trained for several weeks at the department’s training center or academy. Through classroom instruction and practical training, the recruits study firefighting techniques, fire prevention, hazardous materials control, local building codes, and emergency medical procedures, including first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

They also learn how to use axes, chain saws, fire extinguishers, ladders, and other firefighting and rescue equipment. After successfully completing this training, the recruits are assigned to a fire company, where they undergo a period of probation.

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Many fire departments have accredited apprenticeship programs lasting up to 4 years. These programs combine formal instruction with on-the-job training under the supervision of experienced firefighters.

Almost all departments require firefighters to be certified as emergency medical technicians.

Quiz: Could You Pass the EMT-Basic Exam?

Although most fire departments require the lowest level of certification, Emergency Medical Technician-Basic (EMT-Basic), larger departments in major metropolitan areas increasingly require paramedic certification. Some departments include this training in the fire academy, whereas others prefer that recruits earn EMT certification on their own but will give them up to 1 year to do it.

In addition to participating in training programs conducted by local fire departments, some firefighters attend training sessions sponsored by the U.S. National Fire Academy. These training sessions cover topics such as executive development, anti-arson techniques, disaster preparedness, hazardous materials control, and public fire safety and education. Some States also have either voluntary or mandatory firefighter training and certification programs. Many fire departments offer firefighters incentives such as tuition reimbursement or higher pay for completing advanced training.

Other Qualifications

Applicants for municipal firefighting jobs usually must pass a written exam; tests of strength, physical stamina, coordination, and agility; and a medical examination that includes a drug screening. Workers may be monitored on a random basis for drug use after accepting employment.

Examinations are generally open to people who are at least 18 years of age and have a high school education or its equivalent. Those who receive the highest scores in all phases of testing have the best chances of being hired.

Among the personal qualities firefighters need are mental alertness, self-discipline, courage, mechanical aptitude, endurance, strength, and a sense of public service. Initiative and good judgment also are extremely important because firefighters make quick decisions in emergencies.

Members of a crew live and work closely together under conditions of stress and danger for extended periods, so they must be dependable and able to get along well with others. Leadership qualities are necessary for officers, who must establish and maintain discipline and efficiency, as well as direct the activities of the firefighters in their companies.

[page]

Advancement

Most experienced firefighters continue studying to improve their job performance and prepare for promotion examinations. To progress to higher level positions, they acquire expertise in advanced firefighting equipment and techniques, building construction, emergency medical technology, writing, public speaking, management and budgeting procedures, and public relations.

Opportunities for promotion depend upon the results of written examinations, as well as job performance, interviews, and seniority. Hands-on tests that simulate real-world job situations are also used by some fire departments.

Promotion

Usually, firefighters are first promoted to engineer, then lieutenant, captain, battalion chief, assistant chief, deputy chief, and, finally, chief. For promotion to positions higher than battalion chief, many fire departments now require a bachelor’s degree, preferably in fire science, public administration, or a related field. An associate degree is required for executive fire officer certification from the National Fire Academy.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2008-09 Edition, Fire Fighting Occupations, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos158.htm (visited January 23, 2008).

Which Fire Science School is Right for You?

(2007 U.S. Government, www.studentaid.ed.gov) — Fri, 02 Nov 2007 16:10:00 -0700

So you’ve decided you want to advance your education. Now the question is which school is right for you?

Some people make their decision based only on finances, but there is more to consider. It’s important to consider which careers you are interested in and what the normal career path is. The degrees or certificates required for each career will vary so take some time to research the different schools and see what the right school is for you.

Most postsecondary schools can be described as public or private, two-year or four-year.

Four-year institutions offer bachelor’s degrees, and some offer advanced degrees. Two-year institutions offer associate’s degrees. Less-than-two-year institutions offer training and award certificates of completion.

Here’s a more detailed description of the kinds of schools you might hear about as you plan for your post-high-school education:

College – A four-year college grants bachelor’s degrees (Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science). Some colleges also award master’s degrees.

University – A university grants bachelor’s and master’s degrees, and sometimes includes a professional school such as a law school or medical school. Universities tend to be larger than colleges, focus more on scholarly or scientific research, and might have larger class sizes.

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Community college – A public two-year college granting associate’s degrees and sometimes certificates in particular technical (career-related) subjects. Some students start their postsecondary education at a community college and then transfer to a four-year school, either because a community college tends to be cheaper than a four-year college, or because admissions standards at community colleges are often less stringent than at four-year schools.

Junior college – Similar to a community college, except that a junior college is usually a private school.

Career school, technical school, or vocational/trade school – These terms are often used interchangeably. May be public or private, two-year or less-than-two-year. Career schools offer courses that are designed to prepare students for specific careers, from welding to cosmetology to medical imaging, etc. The difference between technical schools and trade schools is that technical schools teach the science behind the occupation, while trade schools focus on hands-on application of skills needed to do the job.

(2007 U.S. Government, www.studentaid.ed.gov)

Selecting the Right Degree

Wed, 01 Aug 2007 14:52:00 -0700

Your degree choice will affect your future career opportunities and ultimate success. This compact guide will help you choose the degree that works for you.

"_Find a school that will get you ready for a career in rescue and public safety._":http://edu.firelink.policelink.com/?refferal=fl_org

When making this decision, consider your current career path, future job markets, timeline and flexibility. Here are a few questions you need to answer before you select a degree:

* Do you want to continue on your current career path?
* Does your current career match the future job market?
* Do you want the quickest path to a degree?
* Do you want a specific degree or a degree that leaves your options open?
* What degree level do you want -- associates, bachelor's or master's ?

Most degrees fall under one of the following areas of study

* Computer science
* Engineering
* Electronics
* Health care or medical
* Criminal justice
* Business administration
* Liberal arts, such as math, science and English
* Education
* Psychology/social and human services

These degree areas can be narrowed to very specific areas of concentration. Having predetermined career goals can help make choosing your degree a simple process.

Tip: Career counselors can help you make the career choice that matches your skills and interests by giving you a career skills and interest assessment. This will help you focus on the career options that match your experience, skills and personal interests.
Your Current Career

If you plan to stick to your current career path, you simply need to determine which degree is most in line with your career. Since your past experience might count toward college credit, this option can also help you get your degree faster.

Information is available through many sources, including school admissions counselors. You can get free, no obligation, degree counseling by visiting our School Finder.
Future Career Opportunities

Although factoring future job growth into your degree choice may mean taking more classes, which in turn will increase your time and expense, it is well-worth the effort. In fact, combining your personal interests with the forecasted job market is a sure way to make the most of your schooling.

According to the US Department of Labor, the future top career fields include:

* Computer engineering, network management and support
* Healthcare
* Education (K-12 and higher education)
* Human resources and social work
* Environmental/hazardous material management

Fast and Flexible

If the focus of your degree is less important than the timing, consider a degree that allows you to earn credit through the College Level Examination Program (CLEP). Associate of science and bachelor of science degrees are often the most liberal when it comes to using CLEPs.

Some degrees are more flexible than others. For instance, business administration degrees are often the fastest and most flexible. In addition, a degree in business administration can be as narrow or as broadly focused as you like, and nearly every college offers business degree programs.
Degree Level

It's important to select your degree level, but it's not critical. You don't need an associates degree before going for your bachelor's. In fact, in most cases, it saves you time and effort to focus on your bachelor's degree first.

Once you have made your degree choice, you will need to find a school that offers that degree and has programs that fit your needs. Use our School Finder to find schools that offer the program you want.

"_Millions of dollars in rescue and public safety scholarships are available. Find the one that's right for you._":http://edu.firelink.policelink.com?refferal=fl_org

Accreditation - Make Sure It's the Real Deal

Wed, 01 Aug 2007 14:49:00 -0700

Getting a college degree requires time, effort and money. These three things are as precious to you as sleep -- and like sleep, they are often in short supply. As a result, if you're thinking about getting your degree, you might be tempted to go through a mail-order or online program that saves you the hassle of taking classes and offers a college degree for just a flat fee. Don't do it.

While there are programs available online through correspondence courses, remote site or distance-learning facilities that will get you a degree, you must make sure that the degree you receive from that particular institution is accredited. The goal of accreditation is to ensure that education provided by institutions of higher education meets acceptable levels of quality. Accreditation in the United States involves non-governmental entities as well as governmental agencies.

Accrediting agencies are private educational associations of regional or national scope that develop evaluation criteria and conduct peer evaluations to assess whether those criteria are met. Institutions and/or programs that request an agency's evaluation and that meet an agency's criteria are then accredited by that agency. In fact, in many respects, accreditation is more important than the degree itself. (Without accreditation you don't have a degree; you just have a $5,000 piece of paper.)

Having said this, the question now becomes, "How do you know if a school or institution is accredited?" Easy. There are a number of things you can do to validate an institution's accreditation status.

1. Ask: Accredited schools will tell you if they are accredited. Moreover, they will tell you in what states they are accredited and which educational governing bodies have accredited them. If you still have doubts, check with the institution that accredited them and make doubly sure.

2. Verify: Accredited universities will be recognized by the Council on Higher Education Accreditation and will be listed on their website at www.chea.org.

3. Research: Check with the Better Business Bureau for any listed complaints at www.bbb.org.

4. Look for Their Operating License: Every institution of higher learning must have a charter for operations in a particular state. (Even big-name schools like USC need permission and a license to operate.) When in doubt, take a look. If they don't have one, then they are operating illegally, and you need to steer clear of them.

5. Financial Aid: To qualify for Federal Student Aid (FSA), Tuition Assistance and the GI Bill, an institution must petition the federal government and demonstrate its accredited status. If the school doesn't pass muster, it doesn't qualify. So, if Uncle Sam won't pay for you to go there, chances are there's a reason, and that reason is generally lack of accreditation.

The bottom line is that you are going to have to spend time, energy and money getting your degree. To ensure that you do not waste any of them, check out the school first. Ensuring that your school of choice is accredited before you enroll will save you a lot of heartache later.

"_Millions of dollars in rescue and public safety scholarships are available. Find the one that's right for you._":http://edu.firelink.policelink.com?refferal=fl_org

Learn About Online Courses

Wed, 01 Aug 2007 14:49:00 -0700

What are online courses?

Online courses offer the same educational information that you would get in a traditional institution but they are held in virtual classrooms instead of physical classrooms. Everything else will be similar to campus colleges. You will still have professors, books, assignments, exams, and grades, but also more flexibility as you would learn over the Internet from the location of your choice.

"_Find a school that will get you ready for a career in rescue and public safety._":http://edu.firelink.policelink.com/?refferal=fl_org

How do they work?

Each online course is going to vary slightly. In standard courses, every class will have its own website where the professor will post reading assignments and study questions for the upcoming week. In turn it is the student's responsibility to complete the reading and submit the questions at their own convenience, but by the given deadline. The process for the final exam also varies but will usually be a written essay asking you to demonstrate your overall learning of the class.

Advancing Your Education

Wed, 01 Aug 2007 14:49:00 -0700

People of all ages are choosing to further their education by obtaining bachelors and even masters' and doctoral degrees. Many people choose to go back to school to open new doors and get ahead in their job, as well as the rest of their lives!

"_Find a school that will get you ready for a career in rescue and public safety._":http://edu.firelink.policelink.com/?refferal=fl_org

Sometimes it's hard to stay in school if you think you need to be working to earn money. But if you choose to advance your education, you'll have a wider variety of jobs to choose from, and you'll usually earn more - especially in the long run.

For many who have put off obtaining a college degree (or other degrees), the reasons are usually 1) it takes too long, 2) it is too difficult with a work schedule or 3) it costs too much. Now all three of these issues can be solved by taking advantage of the increasing resources available:

* Part-time and week-end education schedules
* Distance Learning and Online courses
* Increasing scholarship and grant money

Bill Ties Police Raises to Education

AP — Wed, 01 Aug 2007 14:48:00 -0700

BOSTON — Police officers would be eligible for pay raises after completing a variety of college courses — not just those associated with law enforcement — under legislation proposed at the Statehouse.

State Rep. Martin Walsh, D-Dorchester, wants to expand the Quinn Bill, which gives raises of up to 25 percent to officers with college degrees.

"_Find a school that will get you ready for a career in rescue and public safety._":http://edu.firelink.policelink.com/?refferal=fl_org

Walsh's bill would delete language in the law that directs the state Board of Higher Education to maintain a list of approved courses leading to law enforcement degrees. He said officers should be able to take courses in areas increasingly important to their work, such as computer science and chemistry.

"The job of a police officer is a lot different from what it was 20 or 30 years ago," he said. "They should be able to get advanced degrees in a whole host of areas, not just in public safety."

But critics said the bill would give pay raises for classes that offer few benefits to the public.

"They could get a master's degree in basket-weaving and still get a 25 percent pay increase," said Sam Tyler of the Boston Municipal Research Bureau, a government watchdog group. "This would be a real step back in terms of trying to ensure that a well-educated police force is serving the public."

Legislators amended the Quinn Bill, which costs about $105 million annually, in 2003 after reviews found officers were getting raises for classes of questionable value. Degree programs now must be approved by the Department of Higher Education.

"_Find a school that will get you ready for a career in rescue and public safety._":http://edu.firelink.policelink.com/?refferal=fl_org